![]() And monitoring the antigenic property should be the priority in preventing the potential pandemic of H5N1 avian influenza virus. The study demonstrated that a major antigenic drift had occurred in the viruses isolated in central China. Meanwhile, most amino acids in pattern 2 and 3 located in the globular head of the HA protein, and some of the mutations evenly distributed at the epitope sites. Mutations in pattern 2 and 3 showed the main difference between viruses isolated in 20–2007. 53 mutations of the deduced amino acids of the HA genes were divided into 4 patterns. HA genes of the viruses mainly located in two branches in phylogeny analysis. Hemagglutinin inhibition assay and neutralization assay displayed differential antigenic characteristics of the viruses isolated in central China in two periods (20–2007). The antigenic characterizations of the viruses isolated in central China in 20–2007 were investigated in the present study. 2018 92:e00859-18.Three influenza pandemics outbroke in the last century accompanied the viral antigen shift and drift, resulting in the change of antigenic property and the low cross protective ability of the existed antibody to the newly emerged pandemic virus, and eventually the death of millions of people. Sera from individuals with narrowly focused influenza virus antibodies rapidly select viral escape mutations in ovo. ![]() Defining influenza A virus hemagglutinin antigenic drift by sequential monoclonal antibody selection. Fitness costs limit influenza A virus hemagglutinin glycosylation as an immune evasion strategy. Defining B cell immunodominance to viruses. 2019 10:e00204-19.Īngeletti D., Gibbs J.S., Angel M., Kosik I., Hickman H.D., Frank G.M., Das S.R., Wheatley A.K., Prabhakaran M., Leggat D.J., et al. Human Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Glycan Evolution Follows a Temporal Pattern to a Glycan Limit. Note that in the Figure, the yellow mutant is less fit in non-immune host (losing the competition to the other mutants) but much more fit when Ab neutralization is added to the various selection factors.Īltman M.O., Angel M., Košík I., Trovão N.S., Zost S.J., Gibbs J.S., Casalino L., Amaro R.E., Hensley S.E., Nelson M.I., Yewdell J.W. In the latter case, this will be a very infrequent event because so few viruses are transmitted, but given enough transmission events to immune individuals, it can contribute to antigenic drift. Ab selection can occur either in the transmitting host or the recipient host. In the presence of neutralizing Abs, viruses with mutations that enable escape from neutralization are rapidly selected, resulting in antigenic drift. This results in the steady accumulation of mutants as a virus circulates. Genetic versus antigenic drift Nearly every virus generated in a host (depicted as a metaphorical bottle) possesses at least one point mutation. Transmission of a very limited number of viruses between hosts (bottlenecking, 5 different mutants in the figures) results in the random selection of mutants that compete in the new host (generating a hierarchy as shown, with the blue virus becoming extinct with the purple virus at the top), all the while generating a new repertoire of mutants that are bottlenecked in transmitting to the next host.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |